Burkner PC, Doebler P: Testing for publication bias in diagnostic meta-analysis: a simulation study. Finally, 114 DTA reviews were included for the current study. Relevant MIC90 of S. pyogenes (0.1 mg/L) and S. aureus (0.5 mg/L) are indicated by vertical serrated lines. Studies that assessed the accuracy by means of individual patient data were excluded as the methodology of such studies differs from those of meta-analyses on a study level. Breast Cancer Res Treat. In either case the MIC of the pathogen is rarely known, so that the most certain approach in these conditions may be to recommend administration on an empty stomach. The median number of studies in the analyses was 13 (IQR 9–19) with a range from 4 to 118. One good starting point, however, is the use of life history traits to begin describing (putative) ∗ Corresponding tiple author. Visualization, Cmax and Tmax were read directly from the raw data. 2003, 7: 1-76. A two-compartment model was excluded because of no suggestive visual evidence in the individual concentration-time curves, and by higher values for the Akaike information criteria (AIC) compared with a one-compartment model using PKSolver. 10.1007/s10549-011-1780-z. 10.1530/EJE-11-0476. Mahadevan, J. et al. This means that published studies with small sample sizes tend to have larger and more favourable effects compared to studies with larger sample sizes. Br J Anaesth. Most undertake the practicum experience in the summer be-tween years 1 and 2. Cell division is the process by which new cells are made. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnosic Test Accuracy. In these situations, oral flucloxacillin in doses of 1000 mg 6-hourly, irrespective of whether it is taken with food or in the fasting state, may fail to achieve adequate therapeutic targets for many strains and an alternative treatment strategy should be considered. paired t-test of the ratio of the fed to fasting states. This may have led to an underestimation of the actual number of reviews that constructed a funnel plot. De ET staat voor het Duitse "Einpresstiefe", oftewel wielbolling.Vaak onterecht 'ET-waarde' genoemd: ET is een maat, geen waarde. Intra- and inter-day coefficients of variation were < 10% over these concentration ranges. 2000, 53: 65-69. No, Is the Subject Area "Staphylococcus aureus" applicable to this article? The ESS takes into account the fact that unequal numbers of diseased and non-diseased reduce the precision of the test accuracy estimates [19]. Radiology. 10.1093/bja/aer292. Conceptualization, Although the best stock identifica-tion approach involves multiple methods in an interdisciplinary analysis (Begg and Waldman, 1999; Abaunza et al., 2013), such studies are not always feasible. 10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60238-1. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2011, 130: 11-18. The ratio fed/fasting (geometric mean ± 90% CI) following 1000 mg oral flucloxacillin is also provided based on raw data, and modelled to steady-state. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy. For a PTA for 30% of the dosing interval, food shifted the curve to the left for both 6- and 8-hour dosing. Investigation, Wisner, 1995; Few et al., 2007; Renn, 2008), but there is a lack of empirical studies which focus on the influence that such involvement can have on the final decision and the reduction of flood-related damage (Kuhlicke, 2014; Begg et al., 2015; Otto et al., 2016). Egger M, Juni P, Bartlett C, Holenstein F, Sterne J: How important are comprehensive literature searches and the assessment of trial quality in systematic reviews? International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Clin Chem. The ratios for total flucloxacillin concentrations were similar. 1: Bingol B, Tea JS, Phu L, Reichelt M, Bakalarski CE, Song Q, Foreman O, Kirkpatrick DS, Sheng M. The mitochondrial deubiquitinase USP30 opposes parkin-mediated mitophagy. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. When bacterial and animal cells divide, they must constrict their membrane inwards to split a single cell into two. It has the same interpretation as Harrell's C for survival data (implemented in the rcorr.cens function of the Hmisc package).BeggC is restricted to Cox regression. 2006. One review did not specify which test was used. PLoS One. This difference can be tested with Bayesian methods that result in a p-value [76, 77]. Descatha A, Huard L, Aubert F, Barbato B, Gorand O, Chastang JF: Meta-analysis on the performance of sonography for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. Zhang L, Zong ZY, Liu YB, Ye H, Lv XJ: PCR versus serology for diagnosing Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: a systematic review & meta-analysis. The results of investigation of publication bias were discussed in 25 out of 47 reviews that assessed publication bias. Neoplasma. Int J Clin Pract. Of the 50 diagnostic reviews that were included in this study, nine (18%) used funnel plot asymmetry to investigate publications bias and in three (6%) a statistical test. Disagreements were resolved by discussion. Therefore, past 20 years have seen a major paradigm shift in radiation … For intervention reviews graphical and statistical methods have been developed to investigate if the results of the meta-analyses of the review might be affected by publication bias in terms of small study-effects. e0199370. Specifically, it is assumed that lp and lpnew are the predictors of a Cox proportional hazards model. 2014 Update The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) usually takes high values, while intervention effects are usually quite small. Furthermore, radio-therapy sculpts innate immune response in a type I interferon (IFN)-dependent manner to facilitate adaptive immune response (Burnette et al., 2011). Gargiulo P, Petretta M, Bruzzese D, Cuocolo A, Prastaro M, D'Amore C, Vassallo E, Savarese G, Marciano C, Paolillo S, Filardi PP: Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and echocardiography for detecting coronary artery disease in hypertensive patients: a meta-analysis. 2011, 6: e28467-10.1371/journal.pone.0028467. Design: Systematic review and meta-analyses. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199370.g002, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199370.t001. Comparison of the p-values of the Begg test (y-axis) and Deeks’ test (x-axis) in 92 meta-analyses. Writing – original draft, Affiliations The study of Deeks et al. Empirical study. In 2002, Song and colleagues investigated how authors assessed publication bias in a sample of 20 reviews including 28 DTA meta-analyses. (2014) reported that the rapid breakdown of a tumor could cause a flood of cancerous material, including intact cells to enter the lymphatic flow and form tumors in the distanced organs, a possible mechanism of the formation of therapy related metastasis. Find books 10.1016/j.acra.2011.10.027. These findings in adults may not translate directly into the paediatric population and this would be worthy of further study given that oral administration of flucloxacillin is particularly difficult in children [27]. At the start of each study day, an intravenous catheter was inserted, baseline blood samples were taken and the catheter was flushed with 5 mL of sodium chloride 0.9%. The 12 participants (5 female, 7 male) had a mean (range) age of 26 (21–38) years, weight of 74 (54–96) kg and height of 176 (155–193) cm. UK regional and local PLoS One. Plasma concentration-time curves for geometric mean total and free flucloxacillin for the fed and fasting states are plotted in Fig 2. Article  Analyses were performed in the statistical program R [22]. 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.06.018. Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). Xu HB, Li L, Xu Q: Tc-99 m sestamibi scintimammography for the diagnosis of breast cancer: meta-analysis and meta-regression. PubMed  This wine has 43 mentions of black fruit notes (plum). Harbord RM, Egger M, Sterne JA: A modified test for small-study effects in meta-analyses of controlled trials with binary endpoints. Because of this p-value, this design may be more susceptible to non-publishing negative findings and as such induces publication bias. Everyday low … / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 195 ( 2015 ) 501 – 507 3. On the fed study day, each volunteer ingested a standardized high-fat high-calorie meal comprised of croissants 75 g, streaky bacon 50 g and cheddar cheese 50 g, equating to ~968 kcal of energy, 38 g of protein, 65 g of fat and 58 g of carbohydrate, meeting FDA recommendations for fed bioequivalence studies [13]. Department of Infectious Diseases, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand, These results suggest that taking flucloxacillin with food is unlikely to compromise efficacy in most circumstances. 2000, 53: 1119-1129. Contrary to what has been widely accepted since the 1970s, the results of this study indicate that taking flucloxacillin with food may not compromise effective flucloxacillin plasma concentrations in most circumstances. (1985) and Tanguay et al. pronunciation, et al. Google Scholar, Web of Knowledge: Edited by: Thomson R. 2014, New York, USA: Thomson Reuters. The Cochrane Handbook, however, points out that even Deeks’ test has low power to detect small study-effects when there is heterogeneity in the DOR. Serrated line: fed; continuous line: fasting. van Enst, W.A., Ochodo, E., Scholten, R.J. et al. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2288/14/70/prepub, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/, bmcmedicalresearchmethodology@biomedcentral.com. Additionally, participation as a ‘means’ or an ‘end’ should go beyond informing about, educating on, and consulting regarding predetermined decisions, because this approach would be likely to lead to conflict, frustration, and disempowerment (Few et al. The ratio fed/fasting (geometric mean ± 90% CI) following 1000 mg oral flucloxacillin is also provided based on raw data, and modelled to steady-state. The outcome was similar for these time intervals in that there was no difference in target attainment for an organism with an MIC of ≤0.25mg/L whether taken in the fed or fasting state. Ethical approval was provided by the Northern B Health and Disability Ethics Committee. S. pyogenes (0.1 mg/L) and S. aureus (0.5 mg/L) [5,18,19] are provided. Timed blood samples were drawn into 2 x 4.5 mL EDTA tubes at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 12 hours after taking flucloxacillin, after the initial 5 mL of blood withdrawn from the catheter was discarded. PubMed Google Scholar. This was expected since with a short t½ of flucloxacillin of around 1.5 h, steady state is closely approximated by the time a second dose is given at 6 or 8- h dose intervals. W Annefloor van Enst. J Gastrointest Surg. This function implements the C-statistic proposed by Begg et al. 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2010.02449.x. Methods and Findings Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding PT in stroke rehabilitation were retrieved through a systematic search. Residual connections were introduced in (He et al. Total and free concentrations of flucloxacillin were analysed using a simple and validated LC-MS/MS method [14]. investigation of publication bias of FDG-PET studies to detect in breast cancer: Begg’s p = 0.462, Egger’s p = 0.052 [63] or imaging studies to detect osteomyelitis: Begg’s p = 0.392 and Egger’s p = 0.063 [60]). 10.1002/art.33379. Buy Economics 8 by Begg, David, Fischer, Stanley, Dornbusch, Rudiger (ISBN: 9780077107758) from Amazon's Book Store. The PTA curves based on first-order absorption were almost superimposable with those based on zero-order absorption. Ebselen treatment prevents islet apoptosis, maintains intranuclear Pdx-1 and MafA levels, and preserves beta-cell mass and function in ZDF rats. Yes No, Is the Subject Area "Dose prediction methods" applicable to this article? februari 2014 in opeenvolgende fasen zijn uitgevoerd. Yes A meta analysis. 10.1002/sim.2380. Rheumatology (Oxford). These effects resulted from a decrease in oral availability, a longer Tlag and a lower ka. Yes Flow chart of the selection process and characters of the included studies. Writing – review & editing, Affiliations In the absence of previous data an estimated value of 2 h was used for the estimate of zero order absorption. Moher D, Fortin P, Jadad AR, Juni P, Klassen T, Le LJ, Liberati A, Linde K, Penna A: Completeness of reporting of trials published in languages other than English: implications for conduct and reporting of systematic reviews. (Deng et al., 2014; Postow et al., 2012). JAMA. Hence, the DOR is used as an univariate alternative to detect publication bias, but not for the final meta-analysis that assesses the accuracy. Publications containing historical energy statistics make it possible to estimate fossil fuel CO 2 emissions back to 1751. Prior to the study each volunteer was screened by questionnaire, medical examination and blood testing to ensure there was no food intolerance, pregnancy, chronic illness, renal impairment (estimated GFR < 80 mL/min/1.73 m2) [12], liver dysfunction, malabsorption, or known intolerance of flucloxacillin. 2014A is ideal for manufacturing high-strength components. 10.1016/S0895-4356(99)00144-4. 2009, 62: 425-430. 2.3 out of 5 stars 5. 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.09.015. EO contributed to the protocol and performed the search and selection process of studies. Li R, Liu J, Xue H, Huang G: Diagnostic value of fecal tumor M2-pyruvate kinase for CRC screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2014 | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate However, the molecular mechanism for host type I IFN induction following local radiation has not yet been defined. Existing statistical methods for the detection of publication bias were applied on data from the included studies. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an update of the evidence for stroke rehabilitation interventions in the domain of PT. Proc. 2003, 56: 943-955. In case the number of differences between reviewers was <3%, no further data checking was done. Solomon et al, (2014). 2014, 19: 47-54. 2011, 165: 841-849. Gao P, Li M, Tian QB, Liu DW: Diagnostic performance of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) for hepatocellular carcinoma: a bivariate meta-analysis. Collectively, these studies indicated that food decreased the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and the maximum concentration (Cmax), and prolonged the time to maximum concentration (Tmax) of the concentration-time curve of total flucloxacillin. Korevaar DA, van Enst WA, Spijker R, Bossuyt PM, Hooft L: Reporting quality of diagnostic accuracy studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis of investigations on adherence to STARD. Inaba Y, Chen JA, Bergmann SR: Carotid plaque, compared with carotid intima-media thickness, more accurately predicts coronary artery disease events: a meta-analysis. 2011, 260: 699-708. 2014, 60: 651-659. Summah H, Tao LL, Zhu YG, Jiang HN, Qu JM: Pleural fluid soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 as a marker of bacterial infection: a meta-analysis. Free plasma concentrations of flucloxacillin exceeded for 30%, 50% and 70% of the first 6 and 8 hours after dosing are shown in Table 3 for the raw data and for 6- and 8-hour dose intervals at steady-state for the modelled data. An online standardized data extraction form was used to extract data. Sadeghi R, Gholami H, Zakavi SR, Kakhki VR, Tabasi KT, Horenblas S: Accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy for inguinal lymph node staging of penile squamous cell carcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Clark, C. E. F. ; Horadagoda, A. ; Kerrisk, K. L. ; Scott, V. ; Islam, M. R. ; Kaur, R. ; Garcia, S. C., 2014. here. In practice, flucloxacillin is administered to patients with a wide range of age, BMI, and renal function [24–26]. xol-1 encodes a GHMP kinase that must be activated to set the male fate and repressed to set the her- maphrodite fate (Luz et al., 2003; Rhind et al., 1995). Due to industrial effluents and river discharge, cadmium (Cd) pollution has been globally observed in marine environment (Fu et al., 2014; Naser, 2013). Caffeine was permitted only after the 4-hour blood sample and alcohol was forbidden until completion of the study day. Begg CB, Mazumdar M: Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias. For the second objective, the two-by-two tables (true positives, false positives, false negatives, true negatives) were extracted when reported in the reviews or when they could be derived from other results (e.g. Aseismic uplift has been ascribed to a number of mechanisms including, sediment underplating [Angelier et al., 1982; Gallen et al., 2014; Strobl et al., 2014], return flow of lithospheric material from the subduction channel [Meier et al., 2006; Becker et al., 2010] and isostatic adjustments to mass deficit beneath Crete [Snopek et al., 2007]. Table 1 gives details on how publication bias was investigated per review.